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Life Esidimeni indicative of problems in South Africa's public health system



Daily Maverick columnist and Western Cape Premier Helen Zille’s articles (I’m often not sure which role comes first) is always food for thought and a chuckle.  While her army of supporters agree with what she says with fulsome praise, I often find her self-righteousness and know-it-all hubris – her Delphic-like pronouncements – nauseating, to say the least. 



When Daily Maverick still had comments, I regularly criticised her centrist, DA navel-gazing arguments and opinions, e.g., her oft-stated view that auditor-general audits of government are hindering service delivery (and here). When I said she was misinformed, she replied I didn’t “understand” government audits (I was once a contracted AG auditor, and said so).  On a different occasion, she said I was always “insulting and personal” when I pointed out inconsistencies.



It’s a pity they discontinued comments (but soon to be reinstated, they promise) because I’d have robustly responded to her article about her administration’s efforts to prevent a Life Esidimeni-type situation, which I do here. 



While I’ve little doubt that, bar political boasting and one-upmanship (to the ANC), she means what she says in this case because it’s at the forefront of the public’s mind, Life Esidimeni is symptomatic of a wider problem within the public health system including the Western Cape. The allegedly well-run and well-resourced province is not isolated from the national malaise.  Naturally, Zille focuses on what she’s doing on one aspect only.  But what of the little reported cases elsewhere, not necessarily in mental health, where the system is either failing or has serious problems? 



In one article Zille boasted of compliments she’s received for province’s health service – “I hear affirming accounts of the quality of our public health service, from middle class and wealthy families too”.  Predictably, she focuses only on nice things but ignores the bad.



In 2012 the then head of Eerste River Hospital’s trauma unit Dr Errol Visser was fired after he reported poor conditions where “patients slept on the floor”, after the department failed to address matters.  The then head of the Western Cape Health Department, Prof. Craig Househam, claimed he was fired because he was improperly hired.  But the CCMA vindicated Visser saying his dismissal was “substantively and procedurally unfair”. 



At the time, the department’s spokesperson complained Cape Argus, which broke the story and obtained patient and unnamed staff corroboration, was conducting a vindictive “campaign” and Visser’s allegations were untrue.  In an exchange of emails I had with her, she was initially combative and dismissive, but conceded there were problems when I persisted with questions they couldn’t answer, e.g., why the area manager and departmental oversight system (see here where Zille writes of problems in the education department) – the kind Zille speaks of now – failed then, and I’m sure before and since.



So, what Zille says now about improving healthcare systems must be taken with a degree of scepticism.



As I commented (reprinted below with minor edits) to this article by Mark Sonderup, associate professor at UCT Medical School and Groote Schuur Hospital, Life Esidimeni is relevant beyond the treatment of the mentally ill.  It’s indicative of broader problems in the public health service throughout the country. The denials, lies, evasion, and negligence of the Gauteng Government’s and the Health Department’s politicians, bureaucrats and doctors is not singular to that province, but across the country, including in supposedly well-resourced and well-run Western Cape. 


But we don’t hear of those cases and the media doesn’t report on them. Except for activists and families who knew, the public only heard about Esidimeni, and the outrage went into overdrive, after over 140 people died. Why not after the first person? 


While many patients receive reasonable treatment in the public health system, many do not. Often, at best, even tertiary care is like a fast food restaurant. At worst, patients go there to die. That includes Western Cape hospitals like Groote Schuur. 


Five months ago I went to Groote Schuur’s emergency room after a frightening and severe episode. After 18 hours, during which tests were done, the senior doctor deduced my condition, dismissing the junior doctor’s suggestion of a specialist consult, i.e., her diagnosis wasn’t confirmed. But the condition persisted. Last month I went to a private specialist who said GSH’s doctors “assumed” the diagnosis, i.e., they didn’t conduct a proper examination and diagnose the underlying, at times almost debilitating, chronic condition. It requires ongoing management with a (private) specialist and my GP. 


That’s what I mean by the public health system’s fast food-type medical care – hurried, slap-dash, indifferent, unapologetic, impolite, lacking finesse and no attempt to treat deep, underlying causes. Rather, their attitude is “fix ‘em up and get them out of here – get the beds turned over as quickly as possible”.


In July 2017 my mother died at Groote Schuur Hospital of “unnatural causes”. Similar to Esidimeni, there was stonewalling, denials and evasions up the chain from the treating department’s director, to hospital chief executive, to the head of the health department Dr Beth Engelbrecht and finally, Helen Zille (her lauded health MEC, Dr Nomafrench Mbombo, was silent during all this). Engelbrecht and Zille promised to investigate but then cancelled their “independent” investigations for spurious reasons. 


Before this dead-end, after they initially refused to give us a written report, the hospital’s chief executive’s superficial investigation and one-page report was aimed more at absolving the treating doctors and hospital than fully addressing the real – not imagined, as they tried to get us to think; according to their insulting insinuation, we weren’t “objective” – lapses in care. 


This week, in a scenario like from the film Three Billboards outside Ebbing, Missouri, I wrote to the Director of Public Prosecutions of Cape Town, Adv. Rodney de Kock, to ask why, after almost nine months, there has been no inquest or arrests. Like the film, the black comedy of official – hospital, health department, ministerial, police and prosecutorial – ineptitude and indifference is real.


The scary anecdotes I’ve heard about Cape Town’s public hospitals, particularly, Groote Schuur, show problems are not isolated, or only to “badly run” provinces. We’re just not hearing about them because the individual tragic stories are not deemed topical and newsworthy. And even when they sometimes make a blip in the media, they’re immediately forgotten, replaced by the next hot but superficial news item.


In the South African Health Review 2016 survey, under the section “public health users satisfied with the service” for 2014 (p297), an overall indicator of the effectiveness and efficiency of the service from users’ perspective, the Western Cape scored third lowest with 52.8%, just above Gauteng (51.8%), and beaten by the Eastern Cape (62.1%) and Limpopo (68.0%), for example.  The national average was 57.1%.  


While in some indicators it scores higher than other provinces, in others, lower.  This refutes the commonly held view that health and other services in the Western Cape, and specifically under Zille’s administration, are better.  It’s why, taking into account the Eerste River Hospital experience, her claim Esidimeni or other public health-related tragedies cannot and will not be repeated in the province is false at worst and overoptimistic at best.


In this article Zille unequivocally stated “in the Western Cape, we have prevented the problem of precariousness by seeking the best available fit at the top (provincial ministers and their departmental heads)”. In another she wrote that including in her administration there is “the inevitable tendency in bureaucracies for officials either to actively protect one another or at least to give each other the benefit of the doubt, especially when their union endorses slogans such as ‘an injury to one is an injury to all’”.  


This is the facile and specious, and contradictory, bluster I mentioned at the beginning that often imbues Zille’s writings.  She speaks without self-irony of government including her administration’s employees’ “inevitable tendency to actively protect one another” but claims the best available ethical and professional fit in staff appointments.  She says problems occur lower down the management chain, i.e., she conveniently isolates the executive from their failures, which generally, Gauteng’s politicians and managers did in the Esidimeni case.  


This is the solipsistic, arrogant and unsympathetic attitude that contributed to Esidimeni, Eerste River Hospital, my mother’s and many other cases – of complaints of poor and negligent care throughout the public service falling on deaf ears.  Complaints are shunted from pillar to post, and in the end investigations, sometimes after being promised, denied for made-up reasons – in our case, by the head of health department and Zille herself.  


With impunity they violate and repudiate the spirit and letter of the National Health Act, which inter alia speaks of “protecting, respecting, promoting and fulfilling the [constitutional] rights” of healthcare users and that providers are obliged to investigate complaints, and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. And be damned the National Patients’ Rights Charter and Batho Pele.

While retired Justice Dikgang Moseneke’s findings was a red-letter day for the victims, families and Gauteng Health Department, the hope it will make a difference to the overall quality of healthcare in the country is going to be short-lived, weighed down by usual official indifference and lies about real change.  


The justice those families obtained is uncommon, and then only because of the severity of the case – 140 dead.  While one death for no reason is already one too many, it simply doesn’t register in the official mind. As Zille said, their (politicians and bureaucrats) priority is to protect themselves, never mind if it’s at the cost to the healthcare (and public service) user’s constitutionally protected physical and psychological integrity.  


Politicians should not be raking over the ghosts of Esidimeni’s dead in order to make political capital, and many sanctimoniously are.  As for Zille’s article, she frequently writes and speaks with a conviction and sincerity she doesn’t hold in private, away from the media spotlight. I doubt we should read too into much what she says now.








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